Hostnames are translated into IP addresses in the background by Domain
Name System (DNS) or Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS).
Domain Name System Server (DNS Server) A local or Internet-based
server that looks up host and domain names and returns an IP address for
an application to connect to.
Gateway A function or device that determines the best path for a requested
piece of information to follow. Your router keeps all local network traffic ???behind
the gateway,??? while requests for data across the Internet are sent and
come back through the gateway.
Protocol Essentially, a unique language of a specific type of data communications,
or how the communications is structured. Two protocols are most
prevalent across the Internet, TCP and UDP. Most data types??”HTTP, FTP,
HTTPS, POP, and SMTP??”use TCP because TCP ensures data delivery and
integrity from end to end. Data types such as streaming audio and video
typically use UDP because they need to transfer quickly yet can suffer some
loss without losing the essence of the content.
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Firewall Configurations for IM and Voice over IP 127
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) A quick method of sending short packets
of information to another computer. There is no guarantee that the message
will arrive, or arrive intact.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) The most common data transmission
method used on networks and the Internet??”data messages of various lengths
are guaranteed (within reason) to reach their intended destination.
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